
Contents
Basics of Crypto Security
Risks of backing up your seed phrase on paper.
Paper is inherently vulnerable as a medium for long-term storage of any information - but the risks can be somewhat reduced if you counteract its weaknesses.
January 20 2024
Cryptocurrencies are fueling a fundamental financial shift by allowing individuals to use cryptography to secure their own digital assets. Surprisingly, given the criticality of keeping safe backup copies of the encryption keys that control access to these digital assets, most cryptocurrency holders rely on paper as their chosen medium to back up their cryptocurrency access keys.
TL;DR
Paper backups of seed phrases are subject to a large array of threats, including loss, theft, and destruction.
Relying on paper backups is the leading cause of lost crypto assets.
Even safe deposit boxes may not fully protect paper backups.
Certain precautions, such as added physical protection, and having an equally-secure copy in a different location, can make paper backups less vulnerable.
Paper is a popular default backup medium because it is convenient for both consumers and wallet manufacturers. The use of paper to back up the all-important "seed phrase," or "private key," was for some years the assumed de facto backup mechanism described by cryptocurrency wallet manufacturers. In a survey of the 20 top wallets, 18 of them offered only one mechanism to back up the seed phrase: to write it down on a piece of paper and store it securely. The other 2 wallets surveyed also provided a paper backup option, and added the ability to generate an encrypted digital copy to be kept in a location such as a USB device, off-network laptop, or in the Cloud.
If you must write down your seed phrase or private key on paper, please do it temporarily, then use one of these methods to create a reliable backup, and then destroy the temporary paper backup. This article explains why these steps are necessary to preserve your investment.
The weakest link in crypto.
Storing your valuable backup key or seed phrase on a piece of paper carries unique risks for the crypto owner. Paper is delicate, and its threats include:
- Gradual deterioration of legibility over time
- Catastrophic destruction due to natural disasters like floods or fire
- Accidental destruction by insects, animals, or people
Additional threats that are common to nearly all forms of backup include:
- Loss or misplacement
- Theft
- Lack of awareness of backup location to family or heirs
The list of threats can go on and on. While designed with good intentions to protect crypto owners' assets from loss, paper backups actually have become the leading cause of lost crypto assets. Having a paper backup creates a false sense of security, because when an unplanned event causes a loss of the user's main wallet, they realize they do not remember or cannot access the paper backup they thought they had. As the number of cryptocurrency owners grows, this problem, with its devastating losses and resulting customer dissatisfaction with securing cryptocurrency assets, is also growing — with users often directing blame at wallet vendors.
Risks of using Paper backups.
Paper backups and wallets are often kept in the same location and are therefore subject to the same risks as the owner's main wallet: fire, natural disasters, burglary, etc. | |
Casual owners are likely to forget the "secret storage location" of their piece of paper after few years. | |
In the case of an owner's accidental death, there is no way for their inheritors to recover the assets, which in the case of cryptocurrency keys makes those assets permanently inaccessible. | |
By nature, paper is not a long-term storage medium, and can easily become unreadable after years through natural wear and tear. | |
Casual users are confused about the role and function of paper backups and often blame the wallet vendor for any incidents regarding wallet backup and recovery. That creates a significant load of unresolvable cases for customer service and increases customer dissatisfaction with the wallet brand. | |
Further, in financially-unstable countries where cryptocurrency ownership is crucial, access to bank safe deposit boxes (a common storage location for paper backups) is often restricted during any bank crisis, exactly when users might need immediate access to their crypto-assets. | |
Inheritance.
Beyond restoring cryptocurrency access that may have been lost in a damaged wallet, one of the times when a seed phrase backup is most desperately needed is in the event of inherited crypto assets. Sadly, there have been many instances when the inheritor has been unable to access assets after the owner has passed away, because no one knows about any paper backup copy.
What can be done to reduce risk to Paper Backups?
If a cryptocurrency owner chooses to store their backup seed phrase on paper, they should at a minimum take care to:
- Ensure that when they wrote the seed phrase down, their writing was not captured on camera, and any underlying pages in a pad were not imprinted from writing pressure.
- Carefully destroy (for example, by burning) any temporary or interim copies that they may have created while producing a permanent paper copy.
- Carefully ensure that no electronic copies remain on computers or printers that were used in generating the seed phrase, key, or QR code representation on paper. (This may require expert assistance.)
- Understand the expected durability of the pen, pencil, or printer ink chosen. (Pencil is often recommended.)
- Laminate the paper copy with waterproof, fade-proof, high-quality plastic.
- Ensure physical safety of the backup paper in a vault. Consider keeping a second copy in a separate, equally-secure vault.
- Let at least one other trusted person know about its existence.
Even if the protections above are followed, paper backups have limited reliability.
A better way.
Some crypto owners will not understand why they can't simply rely on the convenience of recoverable passwords like those used in traditional banking services. In the near future, as more types of transactions occur on blockchain networks, the security levels that we expect for today's cryptocurrency storage will also apply to fully-digital house keys, car keys, real estate titles, and a variety of personal property and documents that are currently secured by cryptographic keys. A better solution is needed to bring security and backup options to consumers at the forefront of this digital economy.
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Basics of Crypto Security
Risks of backing up your seed phrase on paper.
Paper is inherently vulnerable as a medium for long-term storage of any information - but the risks can be somewhat reduced if you counteract its weaknesses.
January 20 2024

Vault12 Crypto Security
Social Recovery Vault for Digital Asset Security + Digital Inheritance for protecting the future of money.
Inheritance: Get ready today.
Vault12 Digital Inheritance is the first solution to deliver an effortless and secure method for transferring a variety of digital assets — including Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), other cryptocurrencies, and data — to future generations.
This innovative system enables users to appoint either a person or a mobile device as a guardian. The designated guardian is entrusted to protect the user's comprehensive collection of digital assets, encompassing seed phrases, private keys, and other confidential information, safely stored within a decentralized digital Vault.
This process not only mitigates potential risks but also removes the necessity for regularly revising asset inventories or modifying instructions, which often leads to breaches in privacy.
Secure Decentralized Backups and Storage.
Designed to be used alongside traditional hardware, software, and online wallets, Vault12 Guard helps cryptocurrency owners, safeguard their digital assets without storing anything in the cloud or in fact, any one single location. This increases protection and decreases the risks of loss.
Note:The Vault12 Guard app is not a crypto wallet and does not hold cryptocurrency. Using a non-custodial approach, a digital Vault safeguards your Bitcoin or Ethereum wallet seed phrases, private keys, and other essential data.
The Vault12 Guard app enables secure decentralized backups and provides inheritance for all your digital assets, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, crypto wallets, and other digital data.
Collectors, ensure your Art is protected for the future.
Whether your digital art is suitable for a phone, or represents much higher resolution multimedia, make sure that you have backed up a copy in case the resource link is disrupted in the future. Digital art can easily be added to the Vault either via the mobile app or via the desktop utility. Once you have stored your artwork in your Vault, it will also benefit from inheritance once you activate that in your app.
Protect your home and family's data.
Whether you are at home or away, make sure that essential data about your home and family - including IDs, medical records, insurance information and home safe combinations - is backed up and available at your finger tips.
With secure a decentralized backup Vault, you can ensure that in any event you always have access to important information, wherever you are.
Learn
Step-by-step guides for setting up your digital Vault and adding assets, inheriting and restoring Vaults. Vault12 Guard helps you inherit and back up all assets stored in your Vault, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, crypto, private keys, seed phrases, digital wallets, and essential home & family data.
Vault12 Digital Inheritance is the first solution to offer a simple, direct, and secure way for all types of investors to ensure that all of your digital assets can be accessed by future generations.
The Vault12 platform provides protection, backup resilience, and security to your digital assets. Vault12 Digital Inheritance enables you to designate a beneficiary (an executor, trustee, or other chosen beneficiary) who can inherit the entire portfolio of digital assets that you choose to store in your Vault. There is no need to continually update an inventory or to issue updated instructions.